Validity evidence for the adaptation of the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA) in Spanish youth.

BACKGROUND: Mindfulness is an increasingly popular construct with promise in enhancing multiple positive health outcomes. Physical activity is an important behavior for enhancing overall health, but no Spanish language scale exists to test how mindfulness during physical activity may facilitate physical activity motivation or behavior. This study examined the validity of a Spanish adaption of a new scale, the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity, to assess mindfulness during a specific experience of physical activity. METHOD: Spanish youths (N = 502) completed a cross-sectional survey of state mindfulness during physical activity and physical activity motivation regulations based on Self-Determination Theory. RESULTS: A high-order model fit the data well and supports the use of one general state mindfulness factor or the use of separate subscales of mindfulness of mental (e.g., thoughts, emotions) and body (physical movement, muscles) aspects of the experience. Internal consistency reliability was good for the general scale and both sub-scales. The pattern of correlations with motivation regulations provides further support for construct validity with significant and positive correlations with self-determined forms of motivation and significant and negative correlations with external regulation and amotivation. CONCLUSIONS: Initial validity evidence is promising for the use of the adapted measure.

Características psicológicas asociadas a la incidencia de lesiones en deportistas de modalidades individuales / Psychological characteristics associated with the incidence of sports injuries in athletes of individual sport

Las lesiones deportivas son una de las consecuencias más negativas que se derivan de la práctica deportiva. Son múltiples los factores que pueden estar en su origen, creciendo el interés en la búsqueda de las variables psicológicas que se encuentran asociados a su producción. En el presente estudio se evaluó a 84 deportistas de cuatro disciplinas individuales, de diferentes categorías de competición y nivel competitivo. Se registran 247 lesiones en el período de dos años, una media de 2.94 por deportista (1.47 por año), existiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las medias de lesiones de los cuatro deportes estudiados. Los deportistas de mayor edad sufren más lesiones, al igual que aquellos de mayor nivel de rendimiento. Mediante la administración del 16PF-5, IPED y SCAT, se obtiene que los deportistas con bajas puntuaciones en Estabilidad Emocional y Control de Afrontamiento Negativo, y altas en Ansiedad, presentan un mayor promedio de lesiones. Los sujetos sin lesiones se diferencian de los lesionados por mayores niveles de Estabilidad Emocional, Privacidad y Apertura al cambio, Control de Afrontamiento, y menores de Ansiedad. Existen correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el número de lesiones y las puntuaciones de Estabilidad Emocional, Tensión, Aprensión, Ansiedad, y ansiedad rasgo competitiva (AU)

Sports injuries are one of the most negative consequences resulting from the practice of sports. There are many factors that may cause them, and right now there is growing interest in the psychological variables associated to their causes. The present study evaluated 84 athletes from four individual disciplines, different categories of competition and competitive level. 247 injuries were recorded during a two-year period with an average of 2.94 per athlete (1.47 per year). Statistically significant differences between the four studied sports injuries have been found. The older athletes suffered more injuries, as well as those with higher levels of performance. By administering the 16PF-5, IPED and SCAT, we find that athletes with low scores on Emotional Stability and Negative Energy Control, and high scores in Anxiety, have a higher injury rate. No injured subjects present a difference with the injured ones in their higher levels of Emotional Stability, Privateness and Openness to change, Control Coping, as well as in their lower Anxiety levels. Statistically significant correlations exist between the number of injuries and the athletes’ scores in Emotional Stability, Tension, Apprehension, Anxiety, and competitive trait anxiety (AU)

Actividad física, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol, en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios / Physical activity and tobacco and alcohol use in a group of university students

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de actividad física, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol, en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios. Metodología Con una muestra de 548 estudiantes del área socio-sanitaria (431 mujeres y 117 hombres, edad media: 20 años DT: 2,3) se aplicó la versión abreviada del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física y una encuesta sobre hábitos de vida, para obtener información relacionada con el consumo de alcohol y tabaquismo. Se calcularon el índice de actividad física, los niveles de actividad, porcentaje de tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol. Se aplicó la prueba V de Cramer para establecer asociación entre variables, la prueba t para evaluar las diferencias de actividad física en función del género y la prueba Brown Forsythe en función de la titulación. Resultados El 80 % de los estudiantes se clasificaron como regularmente activos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre Índice de Actividad Física, género (p=0,0) y titulación (p=0,038). La prevalencia de tabaquismo fue del 33 % y de consumo de alcohol fue del 58 %; sin diferencias significativas entre género. No se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre actividad física, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol. Conclusiones Un porcentaje alto de estudiantes practican actividad física de forma regular. Sin embargo, una parte de ellos no alcanza el parámetro mínimo para obtener beneficios en la salud. El porcentaje de consumo de alcohol y tabaquismo fue elevado. Se requiere implementar programas de promoción de hábitos saludables en universitarios, específicamente hacia la optimización de la práctica deportiva, la prevención y disminución del tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol.

Objective Determining the prevalence of physical activity, smoking and drinking alcohol in a group of university students studying in the social-health sciences' area. Methodology A shortened version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used with a sample of 548 students from the social-health sciences area (431 females and 117 males, average 20 years old: 2.3 SD) and a survey about living habits for obtaining information related to drinking alcohol and smoking. The physical activity index, activity levels, percentage of smoking and drinking alcohol were all calculated. The Cramer's V coefficient was used for establishing an association between variables, the t-test for evaluating differences in physical activity regarding gender and the Brown Forsythe test concerning qualifications. Results 80 % of the students were classified as being regularly active. Significant differences were found between the Physical Activity Index, gender (p=0.0) and qualifications (p=0.038). Smoking prevalence was 33 % and drinking alcohol 58 %, no significant differences being found regarding gender. No significant associations were found between physical activity, smoking and drinking alcohol. Conclusions A high percentage of students regularly took part in physical activity. However, some of them did not reach the minimum parameters for obtaining health-related benefits. The percentage of students consuming alcohol and smoking was high. Programs must be implemented for promoting healthy habits in university students, specifically aimed at optimizing taking part in sports and preventing and reducing smoking and drinking alcohol.

[Physical activity and tobacco and alcohol use in a group of university students]. / Actividad física, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol, en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios.

OBJECTIVE: Determining the prevalence of physical activity, smoking and drinking alcohol in a group of university students studying in the social-health sciences' area. METHODOLOGY: A shortened version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used with a sample of 548 students from the social-health sciences area (431 females and 117 males, average 20 years old: 2.3 SD) and a survey about living habits for obtaining information related to drinking alcohol and smoking. The physical activity index, activity levels, percentage of smoking and drinking alcohol were all calculated. The Cramer's V coefficient was used for establishing an association between variables, the t-test for evaluating differences in physical activity regarding gender and the Brown Forsythe test concerning qualifications. RESULTS: 80 % of the students were classified as being regularly active. Significant differences were found between the Physical Activity Index, gender (p=0.0) and qualifications (p=0.038). Smoking prevalence was 33 % and drinking alcohol 58 %, no significant differences being found regarding gender. No significant associations were found between physical activity, smoking and drinking alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of students regularly took part in physical activity. However, some of them did not reach the minimum parameters for obtaining health-related benefits. The percentage of students consuming alcohol and smoking was high. Programs must be implemented for promoting healthy habits in university students, specifically aimed at optimizing taking part in sports and preventing and reducing smoking and drinking alcohol.